International Research Journal of Insect Sciences

Biodemographic parameters of spodoptera frugiperda smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest of maize crop, zea mays linnaeus, 1753 in sub-sudanese zone of Côte d'Ivoire

2023-02-01T09:10:22-06:00

Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main pests of maize (Zea mays L.) in Côte d'Ivoire. The control of this insect requires knowledge of biological and demographic parameters. The need to know the effect of seasons on the biodemographic parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda in Côte d'Ivoire led us to carry out work in the Sub-sudanese zone. The study was carried out in dry and rainy seasons on a maize plot from 2020 to 2021. The monitoring of newly emerged individuals on 3-week-old early variety with semi-serrated grains (EV 87/28-SR) maize plants under semi-natural conditions. The development cycle consisted of six larva stages. The development time was 27.93 ± 1.01 days in dry season and 32.47 ± 1.83 days in rainy season. Larval survival rates ranged from 85.79 to 100% in dry season and from 74.64 to 94.7% in rainy season. The average egg fertility rate was 21.19 ± 5.89% in dry season and 40.36 ± 8.49% in rainy season. The sex ratio was in favour of females. The net reproduction rate (Ro) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were highest in rainy season at 27.67 ± 7.82 and 0.26 ± 0.01 respectively. Spodoptera frugiperda performs much better in rainy season at temperatures between 25.1°C - 26.2°C due to a slow development time of 32.47 ± 1.83 days, a short population doubling time (D.T.) of 2.62 ± 0.13 and a high net reproduction rate (Ro) of 27.67 ± 7.82.

Insect predator of spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith in Sleman and Gunungkidul regency, Indonesia

2023-02-03T06:01:18-06:00

This research was conducted to identify and found the abundance of predatory insect species of S. frugiperda in Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted in June 2021 - March 2022 on corn plantations in Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies. Determination of the sampling location was determined by stratified random sampling. Corn land used in sampling was determined by purposive. Insect predator caught by using sweeping net and hand picking. The results showed that there are 3 orders, 8 families, and 16 species of insect predators. 3 orders of the insect predators that found in the Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera. Insect predator families that found in Sleman dan Guungkidul Regencies were Coccinellidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae, Vespidae, Pentatomidae and Reduviidae. Insect predators species that was most commonly found was Menochilus sexmaculatus with 467 individuals and the least was Sycanus sp. with 1 individual. The conclusion of this study is that there were 16 species of predators from S. frugiperda in Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies. Practical implications of this research were the insect predators that found in Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies can be used to maintain the population of Spodoptera frugiperda in two regencies.

Nutritional characterization of some major edible insects around Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria

2023-02-13T09:07:16-06:00

Many people go for edible insects in sub-saharan Africa in order combat hunger and to satisfy appetite. Though, generally known as good source of proteins; if insects contain antinutrients in disproportionate levels, they can pose health risk to humans. This study therefore analysed the nutritional and antinutritional components of some insects commonly consumed around Wukari, Nigeria: Shea caterpillar – Cirina butyrospermi Vuillet (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), Termite – Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman (Isoptera: Termitidae), Cricket – Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and Grasshopper - Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) vis-à-vis African catfish – Clarias gariepinus Burchel (Siluriformes: Clariidae) which served as control. Proximate, mineral and the antinutrient component were analysed using standard procedures. Results revealed that grasshoppers had more moisture, fat and carbohydrate content than catfish. Also, cricket had an appreciable amount of protein, ash, and fibre content. However, the highest protein content was found in cricket, while grasshoppers contained the least protein. The mineral content analysis revealed that cricket had the highest calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc content which differed significantly from catfish. The antinutrient analysis revealed that the least amount of tannins was in grasshoppers and phytates, in crickets. The amounts of antinutrients found in the insect samples are largely comparable to that in catfish. The insects assayed are healthy for human consumption and could serve as nutritional supplements. These findings revealed that the assayed insects contain high nutritional components which can substitute catfish in diets in the communities around the study area, and perhaps, beyond.

Diagnostic expression of the cotton pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) Ace1 exposed to some insecticide by the real-time PCR

2023-05-30T10:54:52-05:00

The Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) is a devastating pest in Egyptian cotton field. Insecticide control failure may be happen due to its biological features of hide inside bolls and rarely exposed to insecticide application. Thus, a bulk of bolls infested with larvae collected from fields of Sharkia and Benysuef governorate. Moreover, exposed to py, Op sub lethal concentrations in laboratory bioassay. Toxicity features as LC₅₀, LC₉₀ and the slope, and RR was completed. Whereas the common target site of OP and pyrethroid is the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Thus, the gene Ace1 encoding AChE relative expression was investigated using molecular marker of real-time PCR procedures via the steps of generating data was RNA isolation and characterization, cDNA synthesis, then generating normalization factors, and Ct data attained and analyzed using 2^-^ΔΔCT method to quantify the gene expression quantitatively of insecticide treated larvae tissue extracted. Data showed the most expressed ratio of samples was cypermethrin followed by deltamethrin compared with the control and the least was malathion and chlorpyrifos, thus, the most effective insecticide was malathion and the least were cypermethrin according to ct values. Hierarchical clustering combined with Heat map and principle component analysis based on various clustering systems and algorithm as distance measures were completed. Validation of reference gene in addition to gene expression stability analyzed by the three optimal gene finders and showed that deltamethrin and cypermethrin treated genes having lower mean weights and considered transcriptionally stable and ideal reference genes.

Contribution of Terminalia catappa l. to the survival of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Bujumbura City, Burundi

2023-09-03T06:32:43-05:00

The research aimed at showing the contribution of Terminalia catappa to the survival of B. dorsalis. Through fruit incubation, the study was done in Bujumbura city from June to September 2017. Individuals were collected from fruits infested by flies. Fruits were collected in neighborhoods according to the population and fruit trees density. Results show that T. catappa was infested by two species B. dorsalis and C. cosyra with very low numbers. B. dorsalis was abundant in the neighborhoods with low population density and high number of fruit trees. The latter have higher infestation rates than those with high population density and few number of fruit trees. This study showed that T. catappa contributes significantly to the survival of populations of B. dorsalis in Bujumbura city as the latter uses its fruits as host especially in the dry season. T. catappa can be considered an alternative host plant for B. dorsalis used in the absence of its preferred host plants. Practical implications of this research is the use of orchard sanitation for eradicating B. dorsalis.