Development and performance assessment of post-combustion emission control device, embedded with breadfruit pulp biochar

Abstract

This study presents the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of a small-scale carbon capture device aimed at mitigating exhaust emissions from petrol generators. Motivated by Nigeria’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the research explores the use of breadfruit pulp–derived biochar as a low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture. The carbon capture system was developed using stainless-steel chambers arranged in series, each packed with graded biochar particles to enhance gas–adsorbent contact. Theoretical design analyses and SolidWorks static simulations were performed to verify the structural adequacy under combined thermal (600 °C) and pressure (7 kPa) loads. Experimental results using an air quality detector showed significant reductions in CO and CO₂ emissions, demonstrating the biochar’s adsorption efficiency. Simulation outcomes indicated minimal deformation and confirmed the mechanical stability of the capture unit, although localized stress concentrations suggested a need for minor design improvements. Overall, the study validates the feasibility of using agricultural waste–derived carbon materials for emission control, offering a sustainable solution for small-scale power sources in developing regions.