Identification of Soybean Genotypes (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) Through Genetic Variability Analysis

Abstract

The physiomorphological divergence was assessed in twenty eight soybean genotypes by using principal component analysis, cluster mean analysis and mean analysis to recognize parental genotypes for potential breeding plan in order to build up new high compliant varieties for the period of rabi season, 2011 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh in RCB design with three replications. The results of analysis revealed that all the characters like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days of maturity, plant height (cm), branches number per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, seeds per plant, hundred seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g) were significantly pretentious due to diverse soybean genotypes. The maximum intra cluster distance was establish in cluster V and while cluster IV showed lowest intra-cluster distance values which revealed homogenous nature of the genotype within the cluster. The uppermost inter cluster distance was watch involving cluster II and IV followed by II and V. The first flowering days ranged from 51.67 to 76.33, 50% flowering from 55.33 to 79.00, maturity days from 105.33 to 132.00, plant tallness from 21.90 to 79.87 cm, branches per plant from 1.80 to 5.87, pods per plant from 24.62 to 59.57, pod length from 2.53 to 4.19 cm, seeds per pod from 2.37 to 2.66, seeds per plant 60.70 to 158.37, hundred seed weight from 6.27 to 16.57 g and per plant seed yield ranges from 5.73 to 17.40 g. The genotypes F-85-11347, MTD-451, CHINA-1, PI-4174-75 and YESOY-4 remained the best among twenty eight genotypes studied in terms of studied traits. It was recommended that these advanced lines may be focused and involved in future breeding program for the development of new high acquiescent soybean variety.