Design and construction of an Arduino-based smoke detection system

Abstract

This study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an Arduino-based smoke detection system that integrates both hardware and software components for reliable smoke monitoring and alert generation. The system employs an MQ2 gas sensor to detect smoke and combustible gases, including methane, butane, and hydrogen. An Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the central processing unit and interfaces with an LCD, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and a buzzer to provide real-time visual and auditory alerts. Smoke concentration levels are classified using predefined thresholds and indicated through color-coded LEDs: green for safe conditions, yellow for moderate levels, and red for high concentrations. In critical conditions, the red LED is activated alongside an audible alarm from the buzzer. The control program, developed using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment, continuously reads sensor data, processes smoke concentration levels, and displays real-time information on the LCD. The system was evaluated under three testing scenarios representing low, moderate, and high smoke conditions. The results demonstrate consistent detection performance and rapid system response across all scenarios, confirming its ability to provide timely alerts. Overall, the proposed system offers a low-cost, practical solution for early smoke detection, with potential applications in residential and commercial environments.