Performance determinants of success in FIFA Women's World Cup matches: A comparative analysis of 2019 and 2023 tournaments

Abstract

This study examined the performance determinants of success in elite women’s international football by comparing key performance indicators from the 2019 and 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cups. Using a quantitative observational design, match data were obtained from Hudl Wyscout and analysed across tournaments, group vs. knockout stages, and between editions. KPIs were organised within a phase-of-play framework. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests identified differences between winning and losing teams. Results showed successful teams consistently outperformed unsuccessful teams across multiple phases. In possession, winning teams demonstrated greater attacking output, passing accuracy, and territorial control. Defensive transition success was associated with higher pressing intensity and more favourable loss-location profiles. Attacking transition was characterised by more frequent ball recoveries in advanced areas. Out of possession, losing teams performed more reactive defensive actions, while winning teams maintained greater defensive stability. Set-piece efficiency also differentiated success. Differences were larger in group-stage matches, whereas knockout matches reflected greater reliance on efficiency and tactical discipline. Comparative analysis indicated a shift from 2019 to 2023 towards more controlled possession and improved defensive efficiency. Overall, success in elite women’s football is driven by execution quality, spatial control, and phase-specific efficiency rather than action volume alone.