Understanding the role of social anxiety in the relationship between peer rejection and sleep quality

Abstract

Sleep is vital for children’s development, yet many primary school students suffer from poor sleep quality. This study explores whether social anxiety mediates the relationship between peer rejection and sleep quality in elementary school children. A sample of 439 students from Jiangsu Province, China, completed the peer rejection scale, self-rating scale of sleep, and the social anxiety scale for children. Data were analyzed using the bootstrap method with standardized questionnaires assessing sleep quality, peer rejection, and social anxiety levels. The findings revealed that peer rejection was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality and increased social anxiety. Moreover, social anxiety partially mediated the relationship between peer rejection and sleep quality. Children who experienced peer rejection reported higher levels of social anxiety, which in turn predicted greater sleep problems. These results indicate that peer rejection may indirectly impact sleep through its influence on emotional well-being. The study underscores the importance of addressing both peer relationships and emotional health in school settings. Creating a more inclusive peer environment and supporting students with social anxiety could improve sleep quality and overall well-being. Educational and psychological interventions targeting social skills and anxiety management may be effective in promoting healthier sleep patterns during this critical developmental period. This research contributes to a better understanding of the psychological pathways linking social experiences to sleep quality and highlights the need for early interventions aimed at improving both interpersonal and emotional functioning among primary school children.